Today, the European Commission is proposing to establish a first EU list of safe countries of origin, including Egypt, Tunisia and Morocco. EuroMed Rights strongly opposes the concept of “safe country of origin” and “safe third country” and is very much concerned about the EU’s move to label 7 countries as “safe countries of origin”. Here’s why this proposal is deeply problematic – and how it risks undermining migrants’ rights.
This practice significantly undermines the prospects for persons in need of international protection to actually receive it in the EU. It places a greater burden of proof on applicants and subjects them to expedited procedures that may violate their rights as outlined in the Refugee Convention. This includes their entitlement to a fair and efficient asylum process.
The decision goes far beyond asylum policy – it also has significant political implications. Designating these countries as safe opens the door to agreements that would make them “safe third countries” too. Under the revised return framework, this could allow the Member States to deport other migrants there — even if they’ve never lived in or passed through them.
The list includes Tunisia, Morocco, and Egypt — countries with well-documented rights abuses and limited protections for both their own citizens and migrants. Labelling them “safe” is misleading — and dangerous.
With an estimated 60 thousand political detainees in Egypt, the country remains a “republic of fear” where anyone is at risk of serious human rights violations for expressing dissent, supporting anyone criticizing President El-Sisi or the regime. “The authorities are systematically targeting, intimidating and harassing human rights defenders, asylum seekers, migrants and refugees, lawyers, journalists, bloggers, academics, artists, politicians, students, other activists and their relatives, for peacefully exercising their rights. This repression even extends beyond national borders”, says Moataz El Fegiery, EuroMed Rights’ Vice-President and president of the Egyptian Human Rights Forum (EHRF).
In Tunisia, the authoritarian grip of President Kais Saied has exacerbated the crackdown on political opponents and civil society organisations, while fuelling a hate campaign and physical violence against migrants and refugees. “By arresting opposition figures and misusing the criminal justice system, including extended pre-trial detention periods, to stifle freedom of expression and quash political dissent, the Tunisian authorities are violating international human rights law”, says Monia Ben Jemia, EuroMed Rights’ President.
In Morocco, serious concerns persist around freedom of expression, freedom of the press, and rights of assembly and association. Journalists, activists and protesters are and can still be harassed or imprisoned. When it comes to refugees and migrants, Morocco cannot be considered “safe” as it fails to uphold the fundamental rights of all individuals on its soil. “The living conditions of migrants, often precarious and dangerous, reflect a failure to provide a safe and dignified environment. Makeshift camps, violence, and limited access to essential services such as health and education highlight an inability to protect the most vulnerable”, says Khadija Ainani, Member of EuroMed Rights Executive Committee and Vice-President of the Moroccan Association for Human Rights (AMDH).
EuroMed Rights calls on the EU and its Member States to reconsider the decision and remove Egypt, Morocco and Tunisia from their lists of “safe countries of origin” and “safe third countries”. The serious human rights concerns outlined above must be central to the EU’s assessment and lead to, ultimately, the abandonment of the listing of countries of origin or third countries as “safe” altogether.